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1.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(5): e00033020, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278600

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the association of vegetable and fruit consumption with carotid plaque (CP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), two predictors of carotid atherosclerosis, within urban and rural adults at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in regional China. A total of 11,392 adults at high CVD risk were identified from general population of 71,511 in this cross-sectional study, conducted between November of 2015 and May of 2016 in the Jiangsu Province. Among these 11,392 high risk participants, CP prevalence was 36.7%. The independent variables, vegetable and fruit intake frequency, were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The outcome variables, CIMT and CP, were measured by ultrasound examination. The ANCOVA analysis showed no association between CIMT values and vegetable and fruit intake frequencies. Multivariate logistic regression models were introduced to examine the association between vegetable and fruit intake and CP. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) for participants who occasionally and daily consumed vegetable to experience any CP were 0.67 (95%CI: 0.58-0.78) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.62-0.79), respectively, compared with those rarely consumed vegetable. While the adjusted ORs were 0.77 (95%CI: 0.64-0.92) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.68-0.94), separately, for occasional and daily vegetable consumers to develop single CP relative to their counterparts who rarely consumed any vegetables. However, no significant association between fruit consumption and CP was observed. Among the Chinese population at high CVD risk, consumption of fresh vegetables was negatively associated with the risk of developing carotid plaque.


O estudo buscou investigar a associação entre consumo de frutas e verduras e placa carotídea (PC) e espessura íntima-média carotídea (EIMC), dois preditores de aterosclerose entre adultos das áreas urbana e rural com alto risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) em uma região da China. Foram identificados 11.392 adultos com alto risco de DCV, entre 71.511 indivíduos da população geral, em um estudo transversal entre novembro de 2015 e maio de 2016 na Província de Jiangsu. Entre esses 11.392 participantes de alto risco, a prevalência de PC foi de 36,7%. As variáveis independentes, ou seja, frequências de consumo de frutas e verduras, foram avaliadas através de um questionário de frequência alimentar. As variáveis de desfecho, EIMC e PC, foram medidas por ultrassom. A análise ANCOVA não mostrou associação entre valores de EIMC e frequências de consumo de frutas e verduras. Foram introduzidos modelos de regressão logística multivariada para examinar a associação entre consumo de frutas e verduras e PC. Depois de ajustar para potenciais fatores de confusão, as ORs para participantes com consumo eventual e diário de verduras para qualquer PC foram 0,67 (IC95%: 0,58-0,78) e 0,70 (IC95%: 0,62-0,79), respectivamente, comparado com aqueles com consumo raro de verduras. Enquanto isso, as ORs ajustados foram 0,77 (IC95%: 0,64-0,92) e 0,80 (IC95%: 0,68-0,94), separadamente, para adultos com consumo eventual e diário de verduras para desenvolver uma PC única, comparado aos que relatavam consumo raro de verduras. Entretanto, não foi observada uma associação significativa entre consumo de frutas e PC. Entre a população chinesa com alto risco de DCV, o consumo de verduras frescas mostrou associação negativa com o risco de desenvolvimento de placa carotídea.


El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación del consumo de frutas y verduras con la placa carotídea (PC) y el grosor íntima-media carotídeo (GIMC), dos predictores de la aterosclerosis carotídea en adultos urbanos y rurales, con alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en una región de China. Se identificaron, en este estudio transversal, a 11.392 adultos con alto riesgo de ECV dentro de una población general de 71.511, realizado entre noviembre de 2015 y mayo de 2016 en la provincia de Jiangsu. De estos 11.392 participantes en alto riesgo, la prevalencia de PC fue de un 36,7%. Las variables independientes, así como la frecuencia de consumo de verduras y fruta, se evaluaron mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de comidas. Las variables de resultado, GIMC y PC, se midieron por un examen de ultrasonido. El análisis ANCOVA mostró que no existía asociación entre los valores GIMC y la frecuencia en el consumo de verduras y frutas. Los modelos de regresión logística multivariantes se introdujeron para examinar la asociación entre el consumo de verduras y frutas y la PC. Tras el ajuste para los factores potenciales de confusión, las ORs de haber tenido alguna PC para los participantes que ocasionalmente y diariamente consumían verduras fueron 0,67 (IC95%: 0,58-0,78) y 0,70 (IC95%: 0,62-0,79), respectivamente, comparadas con quienes raramente consumían verduras. Mientras que las ORs ajustadas fueron 0,77 (IC95%: 0,64-0,92) y 0,80 (IC95%: 0,68-0,94), separadamente, para los consumidores ocasionales y los consumidores diarios de verduras de desarrollar una única PC, en relación con sus contrapartes que raramente consumían verduras. No obstante, no se observó una asociación significativa entre el consumo de frutas y la PC. Entre la población con alto riesgo de ECV, el consumo de verdura fresca estuvo negativamente asociado con el riesgo de desarrollar PC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Vegetables , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Brazil , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Fruit
2.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 40(3): 267-269, Jul-Sep 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144674

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La formación de una fístula entre arterias de gran calibre y el tubo digestivo es una complicación infrecuente de la cirugía reconstructiva de los grandes vasos sanguíneos secundario al uso de prótesis vasculares, los cuales se manifiestan con hemorragias masivas con elevada mortalidad. Presentamos dos casos de fístula aorto-entérico y de fístula carotideo-esofágico que comparten características comunes como la manifestación clínica de hemorragia digestiva masiva y mortal en pacientes con antecedentes de colocación de prótesis vasculares.


ABSTRACT The formation of a fistula between large caliber arteries and the digestive tract is an uncommon complication of reconstructive surgery of the large vessels secondary to the use of vascular prostheses, which manifest themselves with massive hemorrhages with high mortality. We report two cases of aorto-enteric fistula and carotid-esophageal fistula that share common characteristics such as the clinical manifestation of massive and fatal gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with a history of vascular prosthesis placement.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Vascular Fistula/etiology , Esophageal Fistula/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Severity of Illness Index , Blood Vessel Prosthesis/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 114(1): 68-75, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055082

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: HIV-positive patients are twice as likely than the general population to have a heart attack and are four times at greater risk of sudden death. In addition to the increased risk, these individuals present with cardiovascular events on average approximately 10 years earlier than the general population. Objective: To compare Framingham and reduced DAD (Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs Cohort) scores for cardiovascular risk assessment in HIV-positive patients and potential impact on clinical decision after evaluation of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: Seventy-one HIV-positive patients with no history of cardiovascular disease were clinically evaluated, stratified by the Framingham 2008 and reduced DAD scores and submitted to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis evaluation. Agreement between scores was assessed by Kappa index and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: mean age was 47.2 and 53.5% among males. The rate of subclinical atherosclerosis was 39.4%. Agreement between scores was 49% with Kappa of 0.735 in high-risk patients. There was no significant difference between scores by ROC curve discrimination analysis. Among patients with intermediate risk and Framingham and reduced DAD scores, 62.5% and 30.8% had carotid atherosclerosis, respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed a correlation between the scores and medium-intimal thickening, besides a high correlation between patients classified as high risk by the Framingham 2008 and reduced DAD scores. The high prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in intermediate risk patients suggests that most of them could be reclassified as high risk.


Resumo Fundamento: Pacientes HIV positivos possuem 2 vezes maior risco que a população geral de apresentarem infarto e 4 vezes maior de morte súbita. Além do risco aumentado, esses indivíduos apresentam eventos cardiovasculares, em média, aproximadamente, 10 anos antes que a população geral. Objetivo: Comparar os escores Framingham e DAD reduzido para avaliação de risco cardiovascular em pacientes HIV positivos e o potencial impacto na decisão clínica após avaliação de aterosclerose carotídea subclínica. Métodos: Foram avaliados clinicamente 71 pacientes HIV positivos sem antecedentes de doenças cardiovasculares, estratificados pelos escores Framingham 2008 e DAD reduzido e submetidos a avaliação de aterosclerose carotídea subclínica. A concordância entre os escores foi avaliada pelo índice Kappa e os valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: A idade média foi 47,2 e 53,5% do sexo masculino. A ocorrência de aterosclerose subclínica foi de 39,4%. A concordância entre os escores foi de 49% com Kappa de 0,735 nos pacientes de alto risco. Não houve diferença significativa entre os escores por meio de análise de discriminação com curva ROC. Dos pacientes com risco intermediário no Framingham e DAD reduzido, 62,5% e 30,8% respectivamente apresentavam aterosclerose carotídea. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou correlação entre os escores e espessamento médio-intimal e alta concordância entre os pacientes classificados como alto risco nos escores Framingham 2008 e DAD escore reduzido. A observação de alta prevalência de aterosclerose carotídea em pacientes de risco intermediário sugere que grande parte desses pacientes poderia ser reclassificada como alto risco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , HIV Infections/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/blood , HIV Infections/blood , Risk Factors , ROC Curve , Risk Assessment , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(9): 632-637, Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038746

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cervical arterial dissection accounts for only a small proportion of ischemic stroke but arouses scientific interest due to its wide clinical variability. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate its risk factors, outline its clinical characteristics, compare treatment with antiaggregation or anticoagulation, and explore the prognosis of patients with cervical arterial dissection. Methods: An observational, retrospective study using data from medical records on patients with cervical arterial dissection between January 2010 and August 2015. Results: The total number of patients was 41. The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 75 years, with an average of 44.5 years. The most common risk factor was smoking. Antiaggregation was used in the majority of patients (65.5%); 43% of all patients recanalized in six months, more frequently in patients who had received anticoagulation (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The presence of atherosclerotic disease is considered rare in patients with cervical arterial dissection; however, our study found a high frequency of hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia. The choice of antithrombotic remains controversial and will depend on the judgment of the medical professional; the clinical results with anticoagulation or antiaggregation were similar but there was more recanalization in the group treated with anticoagulation; its course was favorable in both situations. The recurrence of cervical arterial dissection and stroke is considered a rare event and its course is favorable.


RESUMO As dissecções arterais cervicais correspondem somente a uma pequena proporção dos casos de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico, mas despertam interesse científico devido à sua alta variabilidade clínica. Objetivos: Este estudo destina-se a avaliar os fatores de risco, desfechos clínicos, comparar o tratamento com anticoagulação e antiagregação, e avaliar o prognóstico desses pacientes. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo utilizando dados de prontuários de pacientes com dissecção arterial cervical entre os períodos de janeiro de 2010 e agosto de 2015. Resultados: O número de pacientes foi 41. A idade foi de 19 a 75 anos, com idade média de 44,5 anos. O fator de risco mais comum encontrado foi o tabagismo. Antiagregação foi utilizada na maioria dos pacientes (65,5%); 43% dos pacientes apresentaram recanalização em seis meses, sendo esta mais frequentemente observada nos pacientes que receberam anticoagulação (p = 0,04). Conclusão: A presença de doença aterosclerótica é considerada rara em pacientes com dissecção arterial cervical. Entretanto, nosso estudo encontrou alta frequência de hipertensão arterial, tabagismo e dislipidemia. A escolha pela terapia antitrombótica permanece controversa e dependerá do julgamento clínico do médico; os resultados clínicos com anticoagulação ou antiagregação foram similares, mas houve maior taxa de recanalização no grupo tratado com anticoagulação. A recorrência de dissecação arterial cervical e AVC foi considerada rara e o curso, favorável.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Vertebral Artery Dissection/etiology , Vertebral Artery Dissection/drug therapy , Prognosis , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/drug therapy , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/epidemiology , Vertebral Artery Dissection/epidemiology , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
6.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59: 15, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088630

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a risk factor for early mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-33 appears to protect against the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of interleukin-33 and its soluble receptor with the presence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis patients without atherosclerotic disease were subjected to clinical and laboratory assessments, including carotid ultrasound. Interleukin-33 and its soluble receptor serum levels were measured by ELISA. Results: 102 patients were included. The prevalence of carotid plaques was 23.5% and the median intima-media thickness was 0.7 mm. The median interleukin-33 and its soluble receptor concentration was 69.1 and 469.8 pg/ml. No association was found between serum interleukin-33 or its soluble receptor and intima-media thickness or plaque occurrence. Each 0.1 mm increase of intima-media thickness raised the odds of plaque occurrence by 5.3-fold, and each additional year of rheumatoid arthritis duration increased the odds of plaque occurrence by 6%. Each additional year in patients age and each one-point increase in the Framingham Risk Score were associated with a 0.004 mm and 0.012 mm increase in intima-media thickness. Methotrexate use was associated with a 0.07 mm reduction in intima-media thickness. Conclusions: Interleukin-33 and its soluble receptor were not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis duration were associated with intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence; methotrexate use was associated with a lower intima-media thickness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Methotrexate/pharmacology , Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein/drug effects , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation , Ultrasonography/instrumentation
7.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 19(2): 119-132, jul.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-960335

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo aterogénico y la presencia de la lesión aterosclerótica carotidea. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en 112 pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 40 años. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, tensión arterial, hábito de fumar, diabetes mellitus, obesidad y soplo carotideo. Se realizó un eco-doppler carotideo para identificar la presencia de la lesión. Se aplicó una encuesta a los pacientes y las respuestas se recogieron en un una base de datos para su procesamiento estadístico. Resultados: Hubo predominio del sexo femenino. La edad media de presentación de la lesión fue 72,4 años. El 83 por ciento del total de pacientes presentaba tres y más factores de riesgo; en los portadores de lesión carotidea fueron: hipertensión arterial (65,5 por ciento), tabaquismo (71,1 por ciento), diabetes mellitus (64,3 por ciento) y con más de tres el 52,7 por ciento. El 51,8 por ciento de los pacientes presentaban lesión carotidea y de ellos el 24,1 por ciento con una estenosis carotidea inferior a 50 por ciento y superior a esta cifra el 4,5 por ciento, con mayor frecuencia en mujeres que en hombres (6,7 por ciento vs. 1,9 por ciento). El 18,8 por ciento mostraba un grosor intima medio carotideo mayor o igual a 1 mm, superior en los hombres que en las mujeres (21,2 por ciento vs. 16,7 por ciento). Conclusiones: La asociación de varios factores de riesgo con la presencia de una lesión carotidea demuestra la importancia de detectar el riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad cerebrovascular en la población(AU)


Objective: To identify the association between the atherogenic risk factors and the presence of the carotid atherosclerotic lesion. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 112 patients of both sexes and older than 40 years old. The variables were: age, sex, blood pressure, smoking habit, diabetes mellitus, obesity and carotid murmur. A carotid echo-doppler was performed to identify the presence of the lesion. A survey was done to the patients and the responses were collected in a database for statistical processing. Results: There was prevalence of female sex. The average age of appearance of the lesion was 72.4 years old. 83 percent of the total number of patients presented three and more risk factors. In the carriers of carotid lesion were: arterial hypertension (65.5 percent), smoking habit (71.1 percent), diabetes mellitus (64.3 percent) and with more than three risk factors: 52.7 percent. 51.8 percent of the patients had carotid injury and 24.1 percent of them had a inferior carotid stenosis to 50 percent, and 4.5 percent was higher than this figure, more often in females than in males (6.7 percent vs. 1.9 percent). 18.8 percent showed an carotid intima - media thickness bigger than or equal to 1 mm, higher in males than in women (21.2 percent vs. 16.7 percent). Conclusions: The association of several risk factors with the presence of carotid lesion demonstrates the importance of detecting the risk of developing a cerebrovascular disease in the population(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Risk Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(2): 122-129, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838437

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives Cardiovascular risk estimated by several scores in patients with diabetes mellitus without a cardiovascular disease history and the association with carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) were the aims of this study. Materials and methods Cardiovascular risk was calculate using United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine, Framingham risk score for cardiovascular (FSCV) and coronary disease (FSCD), and the new score (NS) proposed by the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol. Ultrasound was used to assess CAP occurrence. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Results One hundred seventy patients (mean age 61.4 ± 11 years, 58.8% men) were included. Average FSCV, FSCD and NS values were 33.6% ± 21%, 20.6% ± 12% and 24.8% ± 18%, respectively. According to the UKPDS score, average risk of coronary disease and stroke were 22.1% ± 16% and 14.3% ± 19% respectively. Comparing the risks estimated by the different scores a significant correlation was found. The prevalence of CAP was 51%, in patients with the higher scores this prevalence was increased. ROC analysis showed a good discrimination power between subjects with or without CAP. Conclusion The cardiovascular risk estimated was high but heterogenic. The prevalence of CAP increased according to the strata of risk. Understanding the relationship between CAP and scores could improve the risk estimation in subjects with diabetes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Reference Values , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Smoking/adverse effects , Cholesterol/blood , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Diabetes Complications/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/physiopathology
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 108(1): 3-11, Jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838673

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The prevalence of atherosclerosis is higher in HIV-positive people, who also experience it earlier than the general population. Objectives: To assess and compare the prevalence of atherosclerosis evaluated by the intima-media thickness of carotid and femoral arteries, and by the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) in HIV patients treated or not treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) and controls. Methods: Eighty HIV+ subjects (40 using PIs and 40 not using PIs) and 65 controls were included in the study. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed by (carotid and femoral) ITM measurement and ABPI. Classical risk factors for atherosclerosis and HIV were compared between the groups by statistical tests. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: An IMT > P75 or the presence of plaque was higher in the HIV+ than in the control group (37.5% vs 19%, p = 0.04). Comparative analysis showed a significant difference (p=0.014) in carotid IMT between HIV+ with PIs (0.71 ± 0.28 mm), without PIs 0.63 ± 0.11 mm and, and controls (0.59 ± 0.11 mm). There was no significant difference in femoral IMT between the groups or in ABPI between HIV+ subjects and controls. However, a significant difference (p=0.015) was found between HIV+ patients not treated with PIs (1.17 [1.08 - 1.23]), and controls 1.08 [1.07 - 1.17]). Conclusion: In HIV patients, atherosclerosis is more prevalent and seems to occur earlier with particular characteristics compared with HIV-negative subjects.


Resumo Fundamento: Pessoas que vivem com o HIV (HIV +) têm maior prevalência de aterosclerose e a desenvolvem mais precocemente do que a população geral. Objetivos: Foi avaliar e comparar as prevalências de aterosclerose avaliada pela medida da espessura mediointimal (EMI) das carótidas comuns e femorais, e do índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) nos grupos controle e HIV com e sem inibidores de protease (IPs). Métodos: Foram incluídas 80 pessoas com HIV + [40 usavam IPs e 40 não] e 65 controles. O diagnóstico de aterosclerose foi determinado pela medição da EMI (carótidas e femorais) e do ITB. Fatores de risco clássicos para aterosclerose e específicos para o HIV foram comparados entre os grupos, usando testes estatístcos. O valor de p ≤ 0,05 foi cosiderado significativo. Resultados: A EMI > P75 ou presença de placa foi mais elevada no grupo de HIV sem IP que no controle (37,5% vs 19%, p = 0,04). A análise comparativa mostrou diferença significativa (p=0,014) na EMI nas artérias carótidas entre HIV + com IPs (0,71 ± 0,28 mm), sem IPs (0,63 ± 0,11 mm) e controles (0,59 ± 0,11 mm), A EMI na femoral não teve diferença significante entre os grupos. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos controle e de HIV + quanto ao ITB. No entanto, observou-se uma diferença significativa (p=0,015) no ITB entre os grupos HIV + sem IPs (1,17 [1,08 - 1,23]), e controles [1,08 (1,07 - 1,17)]. Conclusão: Em pacientes com HIV, a aterosclerose é mais prevalente e parece ocorrer mais precocemente, com características distintas, em comparação a indivíduos HIV-negativos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology , Arteriosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Arteriosclerosis/etiology , Reference Values , Brazil/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Statistics, Nonparametric , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Ankle Brachial Index , Femoral Artery/diagnostic imaging
10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(7): 2201-2208, Jul. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785900

ABSTRACT

Abstract Panoramic radiographs (PR) can display radiopaque images suggestive of calcified atheroma in the carotid artery in asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these images on PR and their linkage with hypertension, obesity, age, gender and smoking habits. PR of 505 patients were evaluated. They were older than 30 years old and their PR had been taken for different clinical reasons. Their body mass index was calculated; their waist circumference was also taken into consideration. Information about smoking habits and hypertension was obtained. The observers analyzed the presence of radiopaque mass in the region of the cervical vertebrae C3-C4 through the PR, confirmed by an antero-posterior (AP) radiograph. The results showed a 7.92% prevalence of suggestive images of calcifications on PR and on AP radiograph. The adjusted Odds Ratio showed association with age and smoking habits. The calcification process is almost nine times higher for the elderly when compared to the young. As far as smokers are concerned, this process is twice worse when compared to no smokers. In conclusion, 7.92% of the group studied presented suggestive images of carotid atherosclerosis on PR, which is directly associated with the age and smoking habits.


Resumo As radiografias panorâmicas (RP) podem exibir imagens radiopacas sugestivas de ateromas calcificados na artéria carótida em pacientes assintomáticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência destas imagens na RP e sua relação com hipertensão, obesidade, idade, sexo e tabagismo. Foram avaliadas RP de 505 pacientes acima de trinta anos, que realizaram esse exame por diversos motivos clínicos. Seu índice de massa corpórea foi calculado; sua circunferência abdominal também foi considerada. Informações sobre hipertensão e tabagismo foram obtidas. Os observadores avaliaram as RP para a presença de massas radiopacas na região das vértebras cervicais C3-C4, confirmadas por meio de uma radiografia ântero-posterior (AP). Os resultados mostraram prevalência de 7,92% de imagens sugestivas de calcificações em RP e na radiografia AP. A razão de probabilidade (OR) ajustada mostrou associação com idade e tabagismo. O risco para as pessoas mais velhas aumenta até cerca de nove vezes quando comparado com aqueles mais jovens, enquanto para os fumantes, o risco é o dobro, quando comparado com não fumantes. Na população estudada, 7,92% de todos os sujeitos apresentaram imagens sugestivas de aterosclerose carotídea em RP e houve associação com idade e tabagismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Calcification/etiology , Vascular Calcification/epidemiology , Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging , Angiography/methods , Radiography, Panoramic , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Smoking/adverse effects , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Causality , Hypertension/complications , Obesity/complications
11.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 990-998, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-121789

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, which may be mediated in part by inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of carotid plaque, and clinical factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima-medial thickness (cIMT) in HIV patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and cardiometabolic factors as well as cIMT were prospectively measured in 145 HIV-infected participants who had received combined antiretroviral therapy for > or =6 months. The mean value of the bilateral average cIMT level was used as Mean-IMT in the analysis, and the greatest value among the measured cIMT levels was used as Max-IMT. RESULTS: Among 145 patients, 34 (23.4%) had carotid plaque. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed three independent risk factors of carotid plaque: old age [odds ratio (OR) 6.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-34.88; p=0.040], hypertension (OR 12.62, 95% CI 1.72-92.49; p=0.013) and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16; p=0.039). Levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate were inversely associated with Mean-IMT (r=-0.379, p<0.001) and Max-IMT (r=-0.389, p<0.001). Stepwise multivariate regression analyses revealed that age, total cholesterol and fasting glucose were positively correlated with cIMT, independent of other risk factors. CONCLUSION: The presence of hypertension, old age and a higher level of LDL-C were independent risk factors of carotid plaque among HIV-infected subjects.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Blood Glucose/analysis , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Glomerular Filtration Rate , HIV Infections/complications , Hypertension/complications , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 99(4): 892-899, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654252

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: O processo aterosclerótico no nível endotelial começa em idade precoce e parece estar associado com a obesidade e suas comorbidades como a resistência insulínica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da resistência insulínica em marcadores inflamatórios e subclínicos de aterosclerose em adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e seis adolescentes obesos pós-púberes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o índice de resistência insulínica estimado pelo Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA-RI): com resistência insulínica (RI) n = 39 e sem resistência insulínica (NRI) n = 27, e foram submetidos a uma intervenção interdisciplinar ao longo de um ano. A espessura mediointimal da artéria carótida comum (EMIC), e o tecido adiposo visceral e subcutâneo foram determinados por ultrassonografia. A composição corporal, pressão arterial, índice HOMA-RI, perfil lipídico e as concentrações de adipocinas [leptina, adiponectina, e inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1)] foram analisados antes e após a terapia. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhoras significativas na composição corporal, estado inflamatório (redução da concentração de leptina e PAI 1; aumento de adiponectina plasmática) e redução da EMIC. Apenas o grupo NRI mostrou correlação positiva entre as alterações na gordura visceral (∆Visceral) e mudanças na EMIC (∆ EMIC) (r = 0,42, p < 0,05). A análise por regressão linear simples revelou o ∆Visceral ser um preditor independente para a redução da EMIC nesse grupo (R2 ajustado = 0,14, p = 0,04). Os valores finais da EIMC permaneceram significativamente maiores no grupo RI, quando comparado com grupo NRI. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de resistência insulínica pode prejudicar mudanças na EMIC levando ao desenvolvimento precoce da aterosclerose em adolescentes obesos submetidos a uma intervenção interdisciplinar.


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Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Adipokines/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Pressure/physiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
13.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 224-227, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-145827

ABSTRACT

We report herein a case successful endovascular treatment with a stent-graft of a rare case of rapidly growing mycotic aneurysm of the left common carotid artery due to acute bacterial endocarditis after eradication of the infection. Infected mycotic aneurysms of the peripheral vasculature have been considered as a contraindication for stent-graft implantation because of the possibility of microorganism spreading to the stent-graft; however, if there is evidence of complete eradication of microorganism and surgery is not an option, stent-graft implantation can be an effective and safe treatment modality for exclusion of the mycotic aneurysm.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Acute Disease , Aneurysm, Infected/etiology , Angioplasty/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Stents , Treatment Outcome
14.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(7): 475-480, out. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-607494

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with carotid atherosclerosis, as well as dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 69 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed SCH, and 30 matched healthy controls. Body mass index (BMI), TSH, fT4, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOabs), lipids, blood pressure, mean and maximum carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were determined in all participants. RESULTS: Mean values of CIMT, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were significantly different in SCH patients versus matched controls. Linear multiple regression analysis demonstrated that TSH, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides were independent predictors of mean CIMT, fT4 for maximum CIMT; and that TSH, fT4, age, and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were independent predictors of the presence of carotid plaques. CONCLUSION: Our data revealed that SCH is associated with increase in CIMT and presence of carotid plaques, independent of classical risk factors for atherosclerosis.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o hipotireoidismo subclínico (HSC) está associado a aterosclerose de carótida, dislipidemia e hipertensão arterial. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: O estudo incluiu 69 pacientes consecutivos recém-diagnosticados com HSC e 30 controles pareados. Índice de massa corpórea, TSH, T4L, anticorpos antiperoxidase (TPO), perfil lipídico, pressão arterial, espessamento carotídeo íntima-média máximo (ECIM) e médio foi determinado em todos os indivíduos. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de ECIM, triglicérides e razão colesterol total/C-HDL foram significantemente diferentes entre pacientes e controles. Regressão linear múltipla demonstrou que TSH, pressão arterial diastólica e triglicérides foram fatores independentes preditores de ECIM médio, T4L para ECIM máximo e TSH, T4L, idade e colesterol total/HDL-C para presença de placa carotídea. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados indicam que HSC é associado com aumento do ECIM e presença de placas carotídeas, independentemente dos fatores de risco clássicos para aterosclerose.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Hypothyroidism/complications , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/complications , Atherosclerosis , Carotid Artery Diseases , Epidemiologic Methods , Plaque, Atherosclerotic
15.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 8(2)mar.-abr. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-543994

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A fibrilação atrial (FA) é arritmia cardíaca frequente que está relacionada ao prejuízo hemodinâmico e eventos tromboembólicos, com consequente elevação de custos e morbimortalidade cardiovascular. A grande importância clínica da FA repousa no fato de que esta arritmia é a maior causa direta conhecida de acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico (AVEi). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os fatores de risco associados ao AVE em pacientes com FA, estabelecidos na população norte-americana, podem ser aplicados em população de consultório.MÉTODO: Foram estudados os prontuários de 143 pacientes na faixa etária acima de 45 anos, com diagnóstico de FA atendidos em consultório de Cardiologia. Os parâmetros analisados foram: identificação do paciente; história da FA; presença de fatores de risco referidos na diretriz de FA do American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), para AVE em pacientes com FA.RESULTADOS: A presença de doença aterosclerótica nas carótidas e tromboembolismo prévio mostrou significância estatística; os demais fatores não foram significativos. CONCLUSÃO: Dentre os 10 fatores de risco estabelecidos para a população norte-americana, somente dois foram significativos nessa população de consultório: doença aterosclerótica nas carótidas e evento tromboembólico prévio. Discutiram-se as possíveis causas que levaram os outros fatores a não apresentarem significância estatística.(AU)


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common cardiac arrhythmia related to hemodynamic disturbance and thromboembolic events, with a consequent increase in costs and cardiovascular morbimortality. The great importance of clinical FA rests on the fact that this arrhythmia is the largest known direct cause of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine whether the risk factors associated with stroke in patients with AF established in the North American population, can be applied to a population of office in our country.METHOD: We studied the records of 143 patients in the age group over 45 years, diagnosed with FA treated in a cardiology clinic. The parameters were examined: identification data of the patient; data on the history of the FA; presence of risk factors listed in the guideline of the FA American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) for stroke in patients with AF.RESULTS: The presence of carotid atherosclerosis and previous thromboembolism demonstrated statistical significance; whereas other factors where not significant.CONCLUSION: Among the ten risk factors established for the North American population, only two where significant in this population of office: carotid artery atherosclerosis and previous thromboembolism. The authors discuss possible causes that led to the other factors not present statistical significance.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Stroke/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation , Risk Factors , Embolism/etiology , Atherosclerosis/etiology
17.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(6): 351-353, Nov. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476095

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The medial end of the posterior border of the sphenoid bone presents the anterior clinoid process (ACP), which is usually accessed for operations involving the clinoid space and the cavernous sinus. The ACP is often connected to the middle clinoid process (MCP) by a ligament known as the caroticoclinoid ligament (CCL), which may be ossified, forming the caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF). Variations in the ACP other than ossification are rare. The ossified CCL may have compressive effects on the internal carotid artery. Thus, anatomical and radiological knowledge of the ACP and the clinoid space is also important when operating on the internal carotid artery. Excision of the ACP may be required for many skull-based surgical procedures, and the presence of any anomalies such as ossified CCL may pose a problem for neurosurgeons. CASE REPORT: We observed the presence of ossified CCL in a skull bone. A detailed radiological study of the CCL and the CCF was conducted. Morphometric measurements were recorded and photographs were taken. The ACP was connected to the MCP and was converted into a CCF. Considering the fact that standard anatomy textbooks do not provide morphological descriptions and radiological evaluations of the CCL, the present study may be important for neurosurgeons operating in the region of the ACP.


CONTEXTO Y OBJETIVO: El extremo intermedio de la frontera posterior del hueso del sphenoid presenta el proceso anterior del clinoid (ACP), que está alcanzado generalmente para las operaciones que implican el espacio clinoidal y el sino cavernoso. El ACP es conectado a menudo con el proceso medio del clinoid (MCP) por un ligamento conocido como el ligamento del carotico-clinoid (CCL), que puede ser osificado, formando el agujero del clinoid del carotico (CCF). Las variaciones del ACP con excepción de la osificación, son raras. El CCL osificado puede tener efectos compresivos en la arteria carótida interna. El conocimiento así anatómico y radiológico del ACP y del espacio clinoidal es también importante mientras que funciona en la arteria carótida interna. La supresión del ACP se puede requerir para muchos cirugía basada cráneo y la presencia de cualquier anomalía tal como CCL osificado, puede plantear un problema para el neurocirujano. INFORME DEL CASO: Observamos la presencia de CCL osificado en un hueso del cráneo. Un estudio radiológico detallado del CCL y del CCF fue conducido. Las medidas morphometric fueron registradas y las fotografías fueron tomadas. El ACP fue conectado con el MCP y convertido en un CCF. En vista del hecho, los libros de textos de esa anatomía del estándar no proporcionan la descripción morfológica y la evaluación radiológica de CCL, el actual estudio puede ser importante para los neurocirujanos que funcionan en la región del ACP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carotid Artery, Internal/pathology , Ligaments/anatomy & histology , Ossification, Heterotopic/pathology , Skull/pathology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Foramen Magnum , Ligaments/abnormalities , Skull , Sphenoid Bone/abnormalities , Sphenoid Bone/pathology
18.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 355-357, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453943

ABSTRACT

Intracranial "kissing" carotid arteries are a rare variant of the carotid arteries, where both internal carotid arteries deviate medially and touch each other near the midline within the sphenoid sinus or the sphenoid bone, including the sella. This anomaly is particularly important since it may cause or mimic pituitary disease and also may complicate transsphenoidal surgery. We report a rare case of intracranial intrasellar kissing carotid arteries in a 57-years-old woman that was submitted to a computed tomography angiography during investigation of a sudden headache, and to discuss the clinical relevance of this radiological finding.


Artérias carótidas intracranianas "que se beijam" representam rara variação da anatomia arterial, onde ambas as artérias carótidas internas desviam-se medialmente e tocam-se próximo à linha media dentro do seio esfenoidal ou do osso esfenóide, incluindo a sela túrcica. Essa anomalia é particularmente importante, pois pode causar ou simular doença pituitária e ainda pode complicar uma cirurgia transesfenoidal. Relatamos um raro caso de artérias carótidas intracranianas "que se beijam" em mulher de 57 anos, a qual foi investigada por angiotomografia por quadro de cefaléia súbita. Discutimos a relevância clínica desse achado radiológico.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases , Carotid Artery, Internal/abnormalities , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery, Internal , Carotid Artery, Internal/surgery , Headache/etiology , Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects , Sphenoid Bone/surgery , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery
20.
São Paulo med. j ; 123(3): 137-142, May 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419865

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Doença aterosclerótica é importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Não há estudos que verifiquem a prevalência de aterosclerose em carótidas nesses pacientes no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a prevalência de aterosclerose em carótidas em pacientes com lúpus e em controles, e avaliar associação entre fatores de risco e aterosclerose em carótidas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal na: Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizado o ultra-som modo B de carótidas em 82 mulheres com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e em 62 controles. A idade média das pacientes foi de 34,0 anos (variação 16-65) e dos controles foi de 35,7 anos (variação 18-64). Placa aterosclerótica foi definida como área distinta de hiperecogenicidade ou como área focal de protrusão da parede para o lúmen do vaso. Foram pesquisados fatores de risco para doença coronária e variáveis relacionadas ao lúpus. RESULTADOS: 50% dos pacientes e 29% dos controles apresentaram placas em carótidas (p = 0,011). Idade mais avançada, maior tempo de lúpus, maior pontuação do escore Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics, maiores níveis de lipoproteína de baixa densidade, maior freqüência de diabetes, falência ovariana precoce, obesidade e história familiar de doença coronariana foram encontrados em pacientes com placas de carótidas. Pacientes com placas em carótidas tiveram menor média de idade em relação às controles com placas. Fatores de risco associados a placas em carótidas foram diagnóstico de lúpus (razão de chances: 4,74; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,83 a 12,27), obesidade (razão de chances: 6,16; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,84 a 20,64), idade avançada (razão de chances: 1,12; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,07 a 1,17), maior escore Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (razão de chances: 1,69; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,31 a 2,52) e maior tempo de lúpus (razão de chances: 1,65; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,06 a 2,56). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes jovens com lúpus apresentam maior prevalência de aterosclerose de carótidas. O diagnóstico de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico foi fator de risco para aterosclerose de carótidas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases , Case-Control Studies , Confidence Intervals , Prevalence , Risk Factors
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